GLOSSARY (10)

                                                      GLOSSARY       (10)



A
Accreditation is a process of qualifying, endorsing, and “licensing” entities that perform certification of businesses, products, processes, or services
.
Attraction: Any visitor service or product which tourists would enjoy visiting or using. An attraction may not be an “attractor” but can still be an attraction. To be considered an attraction, a product must be: a. Findable (clearly located on maps and street addresses, and directions provided). If tourists can’t find the facility, it is not a tourist attraction
.
Attractor: A significant tourist attraction, which compels visitation. The primary “must sees” in an area. The top reasons a tourist would choose to visit this area.


B
Breakage: Expenses budgeted for a tour but not used or expended, thus resulting in additional profit to the tour operator. Examples include meals budgeted but not consumed, currency fluctuations in favor of the tour operator, or the tour selling to much larger numbers of passengers than expected.


Break-even point (BEP): The point at which revenues and expenses are the same. For example, the BEP is the number of products (or seats, cabins, tickets, etc.) that must be sold for a company to break even. The BEP is calculated as fixed costs divided by the selling price less variable costs. See reasonable number.

Budgeted balance sheet: A budget that measures total assets and liabilities.

Budgeted income statement: A budget that tracks revenues and expenses. Also called the profit and loss statement.

C

Charter: To hire the exclusive use of any aircraft, motorcoach, or other vehicle.
 Community is people living in one place, district, state, or country (NEAP, 2000).

Confidential tariff: A schedule of wholesale rates distributed in confidence to travel wholesalers and travel agents.

Consolidator: A person or company which forms groups to travel on air charters or at group fares on scheduled flights to increase sales, earn override commissions or reduce the possibility of tour cancellations.

Consumer show: A product showcase for the general public. Differs from a “trade show” as a trade show generally targets industry professionals.

GLOSSARIUM OF TOURISM

GROUP >> Dhony H.
                    Fakhri Ahmad M.
                    Nicholas S.P.


                                                          GLOSSARIUM OF TOURISM

A
Accreditation is a process of qualifying, endorsing, and “licensing” entities that perform certification of businesses, products, processes, or services
.
Attraction: Any visitor service or product which tourists would enjoy visiting or using. An attraction may not be an “attractor” but can still be an attraction. To be considered an attraction, a product must be: a. Findable (clearly located on maps and street addresses, and directions provided). If tourists can’t find the facility, it is not a tourist attraction
.
Attractor: A significant tourist attraction, which compels visitation. The primary “must sees” in an area. The top reasons a tourist would choose to visit this area.


B
Breakage: Expenses budgeted for a tour but not used or expended, thus resulting in additional profit to the tour operator. Examples include meals budgeted but not consumed, currency fluctuations in favor of the tour operator, or the tour selling to much larger numbers of passengers than expected.


Break-even point (BEP): The point at which revenues and expenses are the same. For example, the BEP is the number of products (or seats, cabins, tickets, etc.) that must be sold for a company to break even. The BEP is calculated as fixed costs divided by the selling price less variable costs. See reasonable number.

Budgeted balance sheet: A budget that measures total assets and liabilities.

Budgeted income statement: A budget that tracks revenues and expenses. Also called the profit and loss statement.

C

Charter: To hire the exclusive use of any aircraft, motorcoach, or other vehicle.
 Community is people living in one place, district, state, or country (NEAP, 2000).

Confidential tariff: A schedule of wholesale rates distributed in confidence to travel wholesalers and travel agents.

Consolidator: A person or company which forms groups to travel on air charters or at group fares on scheduled flights to increase sales, earn override commissions or reduce the possibility of tour cancellations.

Consumer show: A product showcase for the general public. Differs from a “trade show” as a trade show generally targets industry professionals.

Conversion: Getting “heads in beds” or otherwise closing the sale. Differs from “hospitality.” Hospitality is being warm, friendly and helpful. Conversion is active selling.

Cooperative Agreement: A cooperative agreement is a written legal instrument reflecting a relationship between a Federal agency and a state or local government, tribal government, or other non-federal recipient in which the principle purpose is to transfer money, property, services, or anything of value to the state or local government or other recipient to stimulate or support a public purpose authorized by federal statute. Substantial involvement is anticipated between the federal agency and the recipient during performance of the contemplated activity.

D

Docent: A tour guide who works free of charge at a museum.

Double double: A room with two double beds.

Double-occupancy rate: The price per person for a room to be shared with another person; the rate most frequently quoted in tour brochures.

Double-room rate: The full price of a room for two people (twice the double-occupancy rate.)

Downgrade: To move to a lesser level of accommodations or a lower class of service.

Driver-guide: A tour guide who does double duty by driving a vehicle while narrating.

Duty-free imports: Item amounts and categories specified by a government that are fee of tax or duty charges when brought into the country.

E

Escort: A person, usually employed by a tour operator, who accompanies a tour from departure to return as guide or trouble-shooter, or a person who performs such functions only at the destination. The terms hostescort or host are often used, and are preferred, to describe this service.

Escorted group tour: A group tour that features a tour director who travels with the group throughout the trip to provide sightseeing commentary and coordinate all group movement and activities.

Escorted service: A prearranged travel program, usually for a group, with escort service. Fully escorted tours may also use local guide services.

Escrow accounts: Funds placed in the custody of licensed financial institutions for safekeeping. Many contracts in travel require that agents and tour operators maintain customers’ deposits and prepayments in escrow accounts.

ESSTO: Educational Seminar for State Travel Officials.

Extension: A fully arranged sub-tour offered optionally at extra cost to buyers of a tour or cruise.
Extensions may occur before, during, or after the basic travel program.

F

Frequent Independent Travel (F.I.T.): A custom-designed, prepaid travel package with many individualized arrangements. F.I.T. are unescorted and usually have no formal itinerary.

Fulfillment piece: Promotional literature, video, or other material that is sent in response to an inquiry. Usually contains full trip planning information.

Full house: A hotel with all guest rooms occupied.

G

Geotourism (1998): Tourism that sustains or enhances the geographic character of the place being visited–its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents

GPS: A Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radio navigation system developed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). GPS permits land, sea, and airborne users to determine their three dimensional position, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather, anywhere in the world with a precision and accuracy far better than other radio navigation systems available today or in the foreseeable future.

Ground operator: A company that provides local travel services, including transportation or guide services.

H

Hospitality: A general term used in travel & tourism describing the “hospitality industry”; refers to the general greeting, welcoming, food service, etc.

Hotel Package: A package offered by a hotel, sometimes consisting of no more than a room and breakfast; sometimes, especially at resort hotels, consisting of (ground) transportation, room, meals, sports facilities and other components.

I

Incentive tour: A trip offered as a prize, usually by a company to stimulate employee sales or productivity.

Inquiry: A request for more information about an attraction or destination.

International Association of Convention & Visitors Bureaus (IACVB): Worldwide association of convention and visitors bureaus, based in Washington, DC

J

Judgment sample: A sample based on the researcher’s choice of subjects for a study.

K

L

List broker: A seller of mail lists for direct marketing.

Load factor: The number of passengers traveling on a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft compared to the number of available seats or cabins.

Locater map: A map of an area or a city, showing locations of attractions and hotels.

Lodging: Any establishment that provides shelter and overnight accommodations to travelers.

Logistics: Management of the details of an operation.

Low season: See off peak.

M

Meet-and-greet service: A prepurchased service for meeting and greeting clients upon arrival in a city, usually at the airport, pier, or rail station, and assisting clients with entrance formalities, collecting baggage, and obtaining transportation.

Meeting/conference tour: A tour designed around a specific meeting or conference for the participants.

Microenvironment: Those forces close to a company that impact operations and marketing programs.

Mission statement: The concise description of what an organization is, its purpose, and what it intends to accomplish.

Motorcoach Tour: A tour that features the motoroach as the form of transportation to and from destinations.

Motorcoach tour operators: Tour operators that own their own motorcoaches.

Motorcoach: A large, comfortable bus that can transport travelers and their luggage long distances.

Multi-day tour: A travel package of two or more days. Most multi-day tours are escorted, all-inclusive packages.

Murder-mystery tour: A tour that features a staged “murder” and involves travelers in solving the crime.

Mystery tour: A journey to unpublicized destinations in which tour takers aren’t told where they will be going until en route or upon arrival.

N

Nature tourism: Travel to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature.

Niche market: A highly specialized segment of the travel market, such as an affinity group with a unique special interest.

No show: A guest with confirmed reservations who does not arrive and whose reservation was not canceled.

O

Off-site programming: Educational or interpretive activities conducted by agency personnel outside the agency’s unit jurisdictional boundary.

On-site Programming: Educational or interpretive activities conducted by agency personnel within agency’s unit jurisdictional boundary.

P

Package Tour: A saleable travel product offering an inclusive price with several travel elements that would otherwise be purchased separately. Usually has a predetermined price, length of time and features but can also offer options for separate purchase.

Packager: Anyone organizing a tour including prepaid transportation and travel services, usually to more than one destination.

Partnership: Two persons who dance together. A relationship between one or more parties involving close cooperation in exercise of specific rights and responsibilities.

Product Extension: An add-on product or service, which enhances the experience of your product and generates additional revenue. Example – A state park that offers guided wildflower tours (for a fee).

Product Life Cycle: The cyclical pattern of demand for most products from “new and exciting” to “old and dated.” Almost all products (tourism and otherwise) have these cycles.

Q

Query: The process of sorting and retrieving information from a database.

Quota sample: A research sample that involves forming groups based on certain characteristics. A random sample can then be selected form the quota segments.

R

Receptive operator: Someone who plans to “receive” your motorcoach or tour group. They may plan your lodging, meals, attraction visits, etc. for a fee or commission. A tour operator or travel agent specializing in services for incoming visitors, such as meeting them at the airport and facilitating their transfer to lodging facilities.

Reconnaissance: An on-site evaluation of an attraction or destination from the perspective of the customer. Best performed by an outsider who is not familiar with the location and who is trained in fair and scientific methods of evaluation.

Retail agency: Travel company selling directly to the public, sometimes a subdivision of a wholesale and/or retail travel organization.

S

Shells: Preprinted brochures with photos, illustrations, and graphics but no text; also called slicks.

Shore excursion: A land tour, usually available at ports of call, sold by cruise lines or tour operators to cruise passengers.

Shoulder season: Those periods between the peak and off season when destination demand is moderate.

Step-on guide: A highly knowledgeable guide whom “steps-on” an incoming motorcoach and provides narrative interpretation for the experience. Some CVBs offer step-on guides for free. Sometimes an independent company offers this service for a fee.

Strategic plan: A report that describes a company’s mission statement, goals, objectives and strategic actions.

Subcontractor: A local operator who provides services for a wholesaler.

T

Target market: The group of customers who will be the focus of a company’s marketing efforts

Tariff: (1) Fare or rate from a supplier; (2) Class or type of a fare or rate; (3) Published list of fares or rates from a supplier; (4) Official publication compiling rates or fares and conditions of service.

Teaser piece: A teaser piece can either be a rack brochure (*see “rack brochure” above), or a mailer, giveaway, or some other promotional piece that is intended to “tease” the receiver into taking a specific action.

Telemarketing: Direct marketing via the telephone.

Theme tour: A tour that’s designed around a concept of specific interest to the tour takers, such as history or sports.

Trade show: A product showcase for a specific industry. Generally it is not open to the public. Differs from a “Consumer Show” in that a trade show targets the professional industry, while a consumer show targets consumers.

Trailblazing signage: Signs to aid the public in arriving at a particular location.

Travel agent: The individual who sells travel services, issues tickets and provides other travel services to the travel services to the traveler sat the retail level.

U

Upgrade: To move to a better accommodation or class of service.

V

Visa: Stamp of approval recorded in a traveler’s passport to enter a country for a specific purpose.

Value: The relationship between the benefits associated with a product or service and the costs of obtaining the product or service.

Voucher: Documents that are exchanged for goods and service to substantiate payment that will be or already has been made.

W

Waitlist: A list of clients awaiting transportation or accommodations at times when they are not available. Waitlisted clients are confirmed as a result of subsequent cancellations.

Wants: Ways in which a person satisfies a basic need.

Word-of-mouth promotion: Personal communication about a product or service from one customer to another.

X

Y

Yield management: Calculating and analyzing the profits earned per customer.

Z